OBESITY OR OVERWEIGHT? DIFFERENCES AND CAUSES

Obesity is a pathological condition characterised by an excessive accumulation of body fat, resulting from a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, behavioural and physiological factors. Although there are many causes of obesity, it is widely recognised that a sustained energy imbalance, resulting from an excess of calorie intake over energy expenditure, is the primary factor in the development of obesity.

• Lack of physical activity Physical activity is essential for calorie expenditure. Without it, the body doesn't burn enough calories, leading to an accumulation of body fat. Incorporating moderate physical activity, such as brisk walking, into your daily routine is also crucial to improving overall health.
• Unhealthy eating habits The main cause of weight gain is excessive calorie consumption in relation to energy expenditure. A diet high in refined carbohydrates, low in fruit and vegetables and characterised by unbalanced meals is a significant contributor to excess weight. Keeping a food diary can help you better understand and manage your eating habits.
• Insufficient sleep Lack of sleep imbalances the hormones that regulate appetite, increasing levels of ghrelin (the hunger hormone) and decreasing levels of leptin (the satiety hormone). This imbalance leads to cravings for high-calorie foods. Quality sleep, generally between seven and nine hours a night, is essential to maintain hormonal balance and prevent weight gain.
• Medicines Weight gain: some medicines can cause weight gain by altering metabolism or increasing appetite. It is important to consult a doctor to manage these side effects, by adopting a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
• Pregnancy Weight gain during pregnancy is normal and necessary for the development of the foetus. However, after childbirth, weight loss can be difficult due to hormonal changes and the demands of caring for a newborn baby. Appropriate follow-up can be essential to help women manage post-partum weight.
• Pathologies Weight gain: some underlying conditions, such as Prader-Willi syndrome or Cushing's syndrome, can lead to weight gain due to the interaction of genetic and hormonal factors. A full medical assessment is necessary to correctly diagnose and treat these conditions.