What is a peel ?
A peel is a dermatological treatment widely used in aesthetic medicine.
The word ‘peeling’ means ‘exfoliation’. This exfoliation can be achieved with a chemical agent (chemical peel), a laser or mechanically using sandpaper.
Peels target the skin. Dr Romano recommends the most suitable peel according to your skin type and desired result.
Years ago, peels were performed simply to boost radiance before an important event and improve skin texture. Today, the treatment is repeated several times a year to maintain beautiful skin. Specific peels have been developed for this purpose.
Performed under medical supervision, this noninvasive procedure acts on skin cell renewal. It forms part of a comprehensive approach to skin health and aesthetics, alongside hydration, sun protection, topical skincare and stimulating techniques such as Skinboosters, lasers or mesotherapy.
Hollywood peel
Laser peel
Mesopeel
Superficial peel
Retinol peel
PRX-T33 peel
Combined peel
Acne peel
Oily skin peel
Peel for black and mixed-race skin
Medium-depth peel
Gentle peel
Face peel
Body peelHow peels work
Peeling works by inducing controlled chemical shedding of the epidermis and/or dermis using active substances. This exfoliation triggers a cascade of biological processes : removal of dead cells, stimulation of cell renewal and activation of new elastic fibre and collagen synthesis.
Applying an exfoliating agent temporarily changes the pH of the stratum corneum, producing controlled destruction of certain keratinised cells. In response, the skin initiates a repair process : mobilisation of basal keratinocytes, synthesis of new collagen and elastin fibres, and remodelling of the superficial dermis.
These results arise from a natural physiological process : the skin is prompted to regenerate faster, giving it a younger, denser appearance.
Classification of peels by depth
Peels are primarily distinguished by the depth of action of the acids applied :
- Superficial peel : acts on the stratum corneum and the most superficial part of the epidermis. It gradually improves complexion radiance and skin quality and gently evens out texture. These peels are often performed as a course and are well tolerated, without social downtime. The most frequently used active ingredients are fruit acids (AHA), glycolic acid, lactic acid or salicylic acid.
- Medium peel : penetrates to the basal layer of the epidermis to exfoliate the superficial and middle dermal layers. It treats moderate pigmentation changes, more visible wrinkles or certain scars. The best known is the TCA (trichloroacetic acid) peel, with a concentration varying according to the desired depth. This peel requires a few days of recovery while the skin regenerates.
- Deep peel : acts down to the reticular dermis. Performed less often in the clinic, it requires strict supervision and local anaesthesia. It targets pronounced wrinkles and skin laxity. Its effects last longer, but recovery also takes longer.
This classification is not rigid ; in some cases, combined protocols adjust the depth and acid type according to the facial area or the patient's specific needs.
How do you choose a peel ?
Choosing a peel depends primarily on a precise medical assessment. It is a personalised treatment rather than standardised skincare, with parameters varying according to skin type, patient expectations and the imperfections to correct. The doctor assesses several criteria : natural skin colour (phototype), thickness and any pigmentation, scars, redness or fine lines.
A superficial peel is generally offered to restore complexion radiance, tighten pores or improve skin quality without social downtime. A medium peel is better suited to more marked changes such as uneven pigmentation or certain minor scars. Deep peels mainly suit mature skin with visible laxity or deep wrinkles.
The choice therefore balances the desired effectiveness with skin tolerance. A prior consultation is essential to establish the most appropriate protocol and plan preparatory skincare and necessary sun protection. This personalised approach ensures the quality and safety of results.
Facts and myths about peels
Peeling is a longstanding medical practice that is often poorly understood by the public. Because techniques, depths of action and indications vary widely, certain common ideas need clarification. Here are the facts and most frequent misconceptions about this procedure.
Peels are often an introduction to aesthetic medicine
TRUE
Peels are often a patient's first experience of medical aesthetic treatments. Their simplicity, gradual effectiveness and noninvasive nature make them a reassuring starting point. Several studies show that peels are perceived as a gentle approach to improving skin quality before considering complementary care.
Thin skin is said to be a contraindication
FALSE
Contrary to a common belief, thin skin is not necessarily incompatible with a peel. The product's controlled chemical action aims to stimulate cell renewal rather than “thin” the skin. Through measured exfoliation, peels trigger the release of growth factors in the dermis and epidermis, promoting gradual skin thickening and greater long-term tissue density. The key is to adapt treatment concentration and frequency to each patient's skin tolerance.
All peels are said to have the same effect
FALSE
The term “peel” encompasses a wide range of procedures. Each formulation addresses a specific indication through its composition and depth of action. Some peels have a keratolytic effect and treat active acne and residual scars ; others mainly target pigmentation disorders such as sun spots, freckles, melasma or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Others address dullness, enlarged pores or wrinkles. Understanding this variety is essential to offer tailored treatment rather than a standard protocol.
Peels are now better tolerated and more precisely controlled
TRUE
Technological advances and deeper knowledge of skin mechanisms have greatly improved peel tolerability. Current formulations produce gradual results without prolonged social downtime, particularly low-concentration TCA peels repeated at regular intervals. Even deeper peels, such as phenol peels, retain a role in specific indications, with proven effectiveness provided they are performed under strict medical supervision.
Peels performed at home
So-called “cosmetic” peels are also available for personal use. Sold in pharmacies or offered as beauty treatments, these products use the same chemical principles but much lower acid concentrations. Common agents include fruit acids (AHA), glycolic acid or salicylic acid.
Their action is limited to exfoliating the superficial skin layers and temporarily improving complexion radiance. They may gently smooth texture, reduce minor irregularities or even out skin tone, but do not match a medical peel's effectiveness. They mainly suit younger skin or people wishing to maintain skin vitality between professional treatments.
It is important to follow the instructions and avoid excessively frequent or prolonged application so as not to weaken the skin barrier. Prior medical advice is recommended for sensitive skin, a history of allergy or concurrent dermatological treatments.
What happens during a peel session
A peel session follows a precise protocol :
- Cleansing and degreasing the skin to remove sebum and impurities.
- Application of the chemical solution by a doctor using a brush or cotton pad.
- A variable application time depending on the product and skin type.
- Neutralisation and rinsing, followed by application of specific products.
During the session, the patient may experience warmth or tingling, generally briefly. Daily activities can often be resumed immediately after light peels.
After medium peels, shedding occurs over the following days ; this is the removal of dead cells, indicating that renewal is proceeding correctly.
How should you care for your skin after a peel ?
To care for your skin after a peel, follow these tips :
- Hydrate the skin : use gentle, non-comedogenic moisturising creams that support healing.
- Apply sun protection : use broad-spectrum SPF 50 sunscreen to protect the skin from UV rays.
- Avoid irritating products : avoid products containing retinoids and acids or physical exfoliants until your doctor allows them.
- Follow your doctor's recommendations : follow the specific post-peel care instructions provided by your doctor.
How often can a peel be repeated ?
The frequency of peel sessions depends on the type of peel and treatment goals.
- Superficial peels : these can be repeated every 4 to 6 weeks to maintain results and treat mild skin concerns.
- Medium peels : generally performed every 12 to 24 months, depending on your skin's response and your doctor's recommendations.
- Medium-deep and deep peels : often performed only once in a lifetime because their effects last and they require a longer recovery.
What is the difference between peeling after a chemical peel and peeling caused by sunburn ?
Desquamation, or shedding of the superficial epidermal layer, commonly occurs after a peel and after sunburn.
Shedding after a peel is a controlled, intentional process. Chemicals such as fruit acids or TCA dissolve the bonds between dead skin cells, encouraging them to shed and revealing fresher, smoother skin. This shedding is generally even and accompanied by aftercare instructions to optimise skin regeneration.
Shedding caused by sunburn results from a skin burn due to excessive UV exposure. It is often uneven and accompanied by redness, pain and inflammation, which indicate skin damage. Unlike chemical exfoliation, sunburn can cause serious effects such as blisters and pigmentation and increases the long-term risk of skin cancer.
Peel indications
Medical peels are intended for patients with skin changes related to age, sun exposure, hormonal disorders or the after-effects of acne. The main indications are :
- A dull complexion and tired-looking skin.
- Pigmentation (lentigines, melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation).
- Superficial fine lines.
- Uneven skin texture.
- Certain atrophic scars.
Frequently asked questions about peels in Geneva
What is the purpose of a peel ?
A peel aims to improve skin quality and density by removing damaged surface layers. This stimulates cell renewal and helps treat skin concerns such as wrinkles, pigmentation, acne and superficial scars.
Does a peel rejuvenate the skin ?
Yes, a peel rejuvenates the skin by reducing visible ageing signs such as wrinkles, fine lines and age spots. It also stimulates collagen production, improving skin elasticity and firmness.
What are the side effects of a peel ?
Common side effects include redness, shedding, increased skin sensitivity and sometimes slight swelling. They are generally temporary and subside during healing.
Does a peel damage the skin ?
When performed by a qualified professional, a peel does not damage the skin. Instead, it promotes cell regeneration and improves skin quality. However, an incorrectly performed peel or inappropriate aftercare can damage the skin.
What are the benefits of a peel ?
A peel makes skin smoother and brighter, reduces wrinkles, fine lines and pigmentation, improves skin quality and softens acne scars. It evens out the complexion and tightens pores.
Which peel is most effective?
The most effective peel depends on your skin's particular needs. Superficial peels are ideal for a gentle refresh and improving skin quality. Medium and deep peels are more effective for more severe concerns such as deep wrinkles, acne scars and pigmentation.
What is the price of a peel ?
The price varies according to peel type and indication. Superficial peels may cost between 200 and 300 CHF per session, while medium and deep peels may cost between 500 and 4000 CHF.
When do the effects of a peel become visible ?
The effects generally begin to appear a few days after the procedure, once the skin has finished shedding. Optimal results become visible after a few weeks when the skin has fully regenerated.
Is a peel effective ?
Yes, a peel effectively improves skin quality, reduces imperfections and evens out the complexion. Results depend on the peel type and skin concerns treated. Several sessions are often needed.
How should you sleep after a peel ?
After a peel, sleeping on your back is recommended to avoid contact with facial skin. A clean, soft pillowcase may also help prevent irritation.
When should you wash your face after a peel ?
It is generally advisable not to wash your face for the first 12 to 24 hours after a peel. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions.
Is it normal not to shed skin after a peel ?
Yes, especially after a superficial peel. The peel still exfoliates dead cells even when shedding is not visible. PRX-T33 and Hollywood peels do not cause exfoliation.
Is a peel painful ?
Pain associated with peels depends on treatment depth.
Superficial peels generally cause little pain, although the patient may feel a more intense burning sensation. Some discomfort is expected but is often manageable with mild painkillers.
Medium and deep peels may cause more discomfort, with some producing intense burning and requiring local anaesthesia or sedation.
Can a peel be performed on every skin type ?
Yes, a peel can be performed on every skin type, including sensitive or reactive skin.
An experienced doctor should be consulted to personalise the treatment.
Medium and deep peels are contraindicated for darker skin.
What are the contraindications to a peel ?
Contraindications include skin infections or lesions in the treatment area, conditions affecting healing, a history of allergy or intolerance to the chemicals used in peels, and certain photosensitising treatments.
How long after a peel should you wait before sun exposure ?
After a peel, the sun avoidance period depends on the peel and skin type. Your doctor specifies this period, which may range from one to three months. For the PR-T33 peel, sun protection will not be necessary.
How can you tell whether a peel is effective ?
A peel is effective if you notice improved skin quality, fewer imperfections and a more even complexion. Following your doctor's post-peel care instructions is important to optimise results.
Can a peel eliminate every type of scar ?
Superficial peels improve skin quality and help prevent ageing, but do not improve scars.
Medium and deep peels are effective on scars.
Are peels effective at removing sun spots ?
Yes, peels can effectively treat sun spots, especially medium peels, which are often used for these concerns and melasma. Repeated sessions may be needed for the best results.
Are certain peels recommended for Black skin ?
Yes, this is possible, but only superficial peels can be performed.
Some peels are specifically formulated for this skin type, particularly those containing glycolic or mandelic acid.
It is important to consult an experienced doctor to select the most appropriate peel and avoid side effects.
What is the skin like after a peel ?
After a peel, the skin may be red and sensitive, with visible shedding for a few days. Once healing is complete, it generally looks smoother, clearer and more even.
When should you have a peel ?
A peel is recommended when your skin shows signs of ageing, pigmentation, acne scars or uneven quality. Peels are often performed during less sunny seasons to avoid rebound pigmentation.
Can other medical aesthetic procedures be performed alongside a peel ?
Yes, peels can be combined with other aesthetic medicine procedures to optimise results. The interval specified by your doctor must be respected.
At what age can you start having peels ?
Peels can be performed from the late teenage years.
Can I have a peel while pregnant ?
Peels are not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Does a peel remove wrinkles ?
A peel can help reduce wrinkles, particularly superficial ones, depending on the peel type and wrinkle depth. Deep wrinkles may require more aggressive or combined treatments.
What is the best time of year for a peel ?
The ideal time for a peel is during the cooler months, from autumn to early spring. Sun exposure is generally lower during this period, helping avoid complications.
Which peel should you choose at 50 ?
At 50, a medium to deep peel is often recommended for advanced signs of skin ageing. Less aggressive alternatives include : laser, hyaluronic acid injections, botulinum toxin and Sculptra.
Is it normal to develop spots after a peel ?
Spots can develop after a peel, especially if the skin is acne-prone or reactive. This is generally temporary and may be related to the removal of impurities from the skin.
How long does shedding last after a peel ?
Shedding duration depends on the peel performed and individual sensitivity. After a superficial peel, it may last 3 to 5 days. After a medium to deep peel, it may last up to two weeks.
Which moisturiser should you use after a peel ?
After a peel, it is important to use a rich, soothing, non-comedogenic moisturiser. Products containing hyaluronic acid, ceramides or panthenol are excellent for hydrating and calming irritated skin.
How can you speed up shedding after a peel ?
There is no benefit in speeding up shedding.
Do not force shedding by scratching or pulling peeling skin, to avoid scarring.
Which soap should you use after a peel ?
After a peel, use a gentle, non-irritating cleanser without fragrance or alcohol. Cleansers formulated for sensitive skin are ideal for avoiding further irritation and maintaining natural skin hydration.
Which serum should you apply after a peel ?
After a peel, serums containing hyaluronic acid, vitamin B5 or peptides are excellent for soothing and hydrating the skin. Avoid acid- or retinoid-containing serums immediately after a peel to prevent irritation.
How should you prepare your skin before a peel ?
To prepare the skin, gentle exfoliating products are recommended a few weeks before treatment, along with regular hydration and sun protection. Your doctor will advise which products to apply. Avoid aggressive and exfoliating treatments.
Can I wear makeup after a peel ?
Makeup should not be applied for approximately two days after superficial peels.